Not all products are stocked locally; extended lead time and additional fees may apply. Many diets are available in certified format designated by a “C” following the product code. When diets are certified a representative sample is tested for a panel of contaminants. If not stocked as certified, certification can be made available upon request. Minimum order size and additional charges may apply.
The sodium content of natural ingredients such as corn, wheat, and soybean meal is low. Thus, these ingredients can be used to create a base diet that is sodium deficient. To this base diet, various amounts of sodium chloride salt (NaCl) can be added, and other ingredients adjusted slightly to maintain a relatively constant nutrient profile (with the exception of sodium and chloride).
Below are examples from a popular series of adjusted NaCl diets. Contact us for more information.
* When added to natural ingredient diets, these water soluble food dyes offer a slight color tint. More intense color can be achieved at higher inclusion rates.
Ask a nutritionist about additional salt concentrations or color options.
These diets are grain-based, with no animal derived ingredients, and have a background sodium content of approx. 0.01-0.02% and a background chloride content of approx. 0.06-0.07%. The selected nutrient content of the diets are as follows: approximately 19% protein, 5% fat, 3% crude fiber, 0.86% Ca, 0.64% P, 0.72% K, and 0.15% Mg.
NaCl adjusted diets are often fed to dahl salt-sensitive/resistant (rapp) inbred rats. These rats are maintained on Teklad traditional diet 7034 (0.12% NaCl) within maximum security production facilities.
For additional formulas of this nature, or for a purified sodium adjusted diet, please email us at askanutritionist@envigo.com.
You may want to prepare your own diet at your research site or facility, and if that is the case, you depend on the ingredients being of the highest quality. Envigo can provide you with many of the same ingredients used to produce our advanced Teklad custom research diets so you can develop your own formula. And as always, our nutritional experts are here to help you make the best decisions for your ingredients and ultimate formulation.
Our ingredients
We offer several ingredients for individual sale so that you can develop your own blends.
“VFT” casein
“Vitamin-free” test casein (alcohol-extracted) is best suited for purified test diet formulas where fat or vitamin content needs to be precisely controlled
The reduced levels of many vitamins in VFT casein make it the preferred protein source for many vitamin studies. Thus, the nickname “Vitamin-free” was given to the extracted casein many years ago
Vitamin mixes
The common vitamin mixes shown below use sucrose or corn starch as a carrier
Customized vitamin mixes may use cellulose if a non-nutritive carrier is necessary
Vitamin mixes are formulated with a diet inclusion rate in mind. Using more or less than recommended could impair the health of your laboratory animal
For those preparing their own diets, vitamin premixes are an efficient way to add vitamins to a diet
Vitamin mixes should be stored at 4 degrees celsius or lower upon receipt. Storage at –20 degrees celsius is recommended if the mix will be used beyond 1 month
Minimum order is 500 g for both stock and custom vitamin mixes
Our available vitamin mixes are commonly used in diets, and are available from stock
Vitamin mixes are shipped within a few days of order
The common mineral mixes shown below as examples use sucrose as a carrier
Customized mineral mixes could use cellulose or no carrier if a non-nutritive carrier is necessary
Our mineral mixes are formulated with a diet inclusion rate in mind. Using more or less than recommended could impair the health of the animal
For those preparing their own diets, mineral premixes are an efficient way to add minerals to a diet
Mineral mixes should be stored in a dry cool environment and used within a year of receipt. The minimum order is 500 g for both stock and custom mineral mixes
These mineral mixes are commonly used in diets, and are available from stock
Our mineral mixes are shipped within a few days of order
At Envigo, we are dedicated to providing a broad range of research models and related services to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, government, academia, and other life science organizations. We are committed to helping researchers realize the full potential of their critical research projects as we fulfill our mission to work together to build a healthier and safer world.
In order to build trust and confidence with our customers, we strive to consistently deliver scientific excellence. Included below is a list of our most recent certificates and accreditations.
Envigo RMS (Europe) — ISO 9001:2015 certificate The Production, Maintenance and supply of Laboratory Animals, Animal Diet, Biological Products, Surgically Modified Animals and the Production of Health and Genetic Monitoring
A few carbohydrate adjusted formulas are shown below. Please contact us for additional formulas of this nature or for more information about altering the carbohydrate profile of a diet.
Carbohydrates often make up the majority (by weight and % kcal) of custom research diets, with the exception of higher fat diets. Commonly used carbohydrate sources include sucrose, cornstarch and maltodextrin. Other sources include fructose, dextrose (glucose), dextrin, and lactose. Maltodextrin is enzymatically derived from cornstarch to have shorter glucose polymers and is helpful in pelleting high fat diets and in diets where cornstarch exceeds sucrose.
Sucrose is a part of most formulas, often making up 10% of the diet or more. This likely adds to the palatability of the diet. The carbohydrate profile of a diet can be manipulated, although some mixtures may not pellet. There are also diets with very little carbohydrate, thus containing high amounts of fat and/or protein.
Cellulose (fiber) is part of many formulas and while not required by rodents, is considered beneficial. It can also be used to make formulas with differing macronutrient profiles isocaloric.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has always been part of the way we’ve done business — it’s what we do and how we do it.
Our vision is ‘Working together to build a healthier and safer world.’ We work with our customers in the knowledge that the research they conduct, and the products we help them develop, have the potential to enhance life. Our role is to deliver the highest levels of ethical and scientific standards, customer service and compliance.
Our commitment to acting responsibly in achieving this vision is strengthened by our company values:
Doing our best work, together, every day
Caring about each other, our animals and the environment
Being honest and respectful
Always learning, challenging and improving
These values provide guidance and perspective in the way we manage our business, enabling us to act as a responsible company and ensuring that decisions take account of ethical, social and environmental concerns.
This commitment to CSR helps us to serve our customers, operate efficiently and sustainably, gain the trust of our stakeholders, and foster the right environment to further develop our business.
Our CSR is focused on the following areas:
Labour and human rights
Combating bribery and anti-competitiveness
Data protection
Animal welfare
Environment
Compliance and accreditation
At Envigo we are committed to corporate social responsibility.
A white dimpled traditional cage board material. Diamond TEK liners are the new standard for laboratory grade custom-cut cage liners. The bright white color aids in observation of animal discharges. The heavier construction means they are more absorbent and more durable — often meaning that the interval between cage changes can be increased. That means that they can save you money by reducing labor costs, and by using fewer liners per year. There are no antibiotics added to these liners, and there is no glue used in the lamination process, reducing the risk of chemical contamination.
Diamond PADS
These pads are white multi-ply tissue liners with poly backing. Available in both 8-ply or 14-ply thickness. Ideal for under rabbits or rodents, they can also be used as workplace blotters or to clean up spills in the lab.
Our liners are custom-cut to within 1/4 inch of your tray or pan dimensions. Minimum orders required for non-stocked items.
You may want to add some specific ingredients in your own facility. In that case, Envigo provides basal mixes that are, by design, a starting point for additional inclusions. When you choose a basal mix diet, you simply add any ingredient(s) in a specific proportion that your require. The nutrient levels in our basal mix are adjusted to account for the dilution of the added ingredient(s), so that the final complete diet contains the desired nutrient levels.
Dietary methods to induce NAFLD/NASH in rodents can be split into two common categories:
diets fed for longer periods of time to induce obesity, metabolic syndrome, and mild NASH or
diets fed for short periods of time to induce hepatic features of severe NASH without inducing obesity or insulin resistance
This page provides further information on dietary methods to induce NAFLD/NASH. We’ve also prepared a downloadable NASH/NAFLD mini paper.
The tables below highlight diet options from both of the above categories. For more complete descriptions of NAFLD/NASH models see the drop down menus that follow the tables.
Diet options for inducing obesity, metabolic syndrome and mild NAFLD/NASH
Diets inducing obesity, metabolic syndrome and mild NAFLD/NASH
Western and Fast Food diets with milkfat and cholesterol
Western or fast food style diets fed to induce NASH with metabolic syndrome contain 40 – 45% kcal from milkfat (a fat source high in palmitate) with added cholesterol (0.15 – 2%) and are high in sucrose (>30%). Dietary palmitate and cholesterol have both previously been associated with the progression from simple steatosis to NASH.
These diets can induce obesity, metabolic syndrome, and simple steatosis within nine weeks of feeding. Increased hepatic inflammation has been observed after 12 weeks of feeding. NASH typically requires longer feeding with fibrosis developing within nine months and late stage fibrosis including hepatic ballooning occurring after 14 – 20 months of feeding. Increasing dietary sucrose (~41%) and cholesterol (~1.25%) accelerates the NASH phenotype with steatosis, inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning observed within 12 weeks. In addition to feeding a high fat diet, providing a glucose/fructose mixture in the drinking water may further promote NASH development.
Select References:
Charlton, M., et al., Fast food diet mouse: novel small animal model of NASH with ballooning, progressive fibrosis, and high physiological fidelity to the human condition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2011. 301(5): p. G825-34. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836057
Gores, G., Charlton M, Krishnan A, Viker K, Sanderson S, Cazanave S, McConico A, Masuoko H. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2015. 308: p. G159. ajpgi.physiology.org/content/308/2/G159
Li, Z.Z., et al., Hepatic lipid partitioning and liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J Biol Chem, 2009. 284(9): p. 5637-44. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119140
Ioannou, G.N., et al., Hepatic cholesterol crystals and crown-like structures distinguish NASH from simple steatosis. J Lipid Res, 2009. 54(5): p. 1326-34. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23417738
Alkhouri, N., et al., Adipocyte apoptosis, a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. J Biol Chem, 2010. 285(5): p. 3428-38. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940134
Dixon, L.J., et al., Caspase-1 as a central regulator of high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One, 2013. 8(2): p. e56100. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23409132
DeLeve, L.D., et al., Prevention of hepatic fibrosis in a murine model of metabolic syndrome with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Pathol, 2008. 173(4): p. 993-1001. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772330
VanSaun, M.N., et al., High fat diet induced hepatic steatosis establishes a permissive microenvironment for colorectal metastases and promotes primary dysplasia in a murine model. Am J Pathol, 2009. 175(1): p. 355-64. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541928
Asgharpour, A., et al., A diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. J Hepatol, 2016. 65(3): p. 579-88. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27261415
Tetri, L.H., et al., Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2008. 295(5): p. G987-95. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772365
Tsuchida, T., et al., A simple diet-and chemical-induced murine NASH model with rapid progression of steatohepatitis, fibrosis and liver cancer. Journal of hepatology, 2018. 69(2):385-395. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572095
The ALIOS model: western diet with trans-fat
The American Lifestyle-Induced Obesity Syndrome (ALIOS) model involves feeding the “American fast food” diet high in trans-fats and sugar. Dietary trans-fats from hydrogenated vegetable shortening (HVO) are associated with increased insulin resistance and hepatic inflammation in rodent NASH models. In addition to diet, a glucose/fructose solution is added to the drinking water and sedentary behavior promoted by removing the overhead cage feeders in this model.
The ALIOS model develops obesity with insulin resistance, elevated ALT levels, and steatosis within 16 weeks. Increased inflammation and early development of fibrosis have been observed at 6 months. Severe steatosis with fibrosis and inflammation develops within 12 months of feeding with 50% of the mice reportedly developing hepatic neoplasms. Adding cholesterol (0.2%) to the American Fast Food diet may accelerate NASH phenotype development.
Select References:
Koppe, S.W., et al., Trans fat feeding results in higher serum alanine aminotransferase and increased insulin resistance compared with a standard murine high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2009. 297(2): p. G378-84. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541924
Tetri, L.H., et al., Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2008. 295(5): p. G987-95. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772365
Mells, J.E., et al., Glp-1 analog, liraglutide, ameliorates hepatic steatosis and cardiac hypertrophy in C57BL/6J mice fed a Western diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2012. 302(2): p. G225-35. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038829
Dowman, J.K, et al., Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by use of a high-fat/fructose diet and sedentary lifestyle. Am J Pathol, 2014. 184(5):1550-1561. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650559
Mells, J.E., et al., Saturated fat and cholesterol are critical to inducing murine metabolic syndrome with robust nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Nutr Biochem, 2014. 26(3): p. 285-92. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25577467
FPC diet: fructose, palmitate, cholesterol and trans-fat diet
The Fructose, Palmitate, Cholesterol and Trans-Fat (FPC) diet is a recent NASH diet that includes Western and ALIOS model diets to achieve both metabolic and hepatic NASH features within an accelerated time frame. Key features of the FPC diet include 1) a lower Met content than typical rodent diets by decreasing total protein without supplementing sulfur amino acids; 2) choline supplementation is lower than typical but is not considered deficient; 3) high in sucrose (~34% by weight); 4) 1.25% cholesterol; 5) 52% kcal from fat with fat sources including milkfat fat, palmitic acid and hydrogenated vegetable shortening to provide trans-fats. Like the ALIOS model, the FPC model also provides a glucose/fructose solution to the drinking water.
Male C57BL/6J mice fed the FPC diet and provided a glucose/fructose drinking solution developed insulin resistance and NAFLD with inflammation, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis within 16 weeks.
Select References:
Wang, X., et al., Hepatocyte TAZ/WWTR1 promotes inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Metab, 2016. 24(6): p. 848-62. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28068223
Zhu, C., et al., Hepatocyte Notch activation induces liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med, 2018. 10(468). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30463916
High fat diets
Common diets to induce obesity (DIO) can be fed to induce uncomplicated NAFLD. These high fat diets typically contain 40–60% kcal from fat without supplemented cholesterol or cholate. Simple sugars such as sucrose or fructose can also be supplemented via diet or water to progress the fatty liver phenotype. Diets can be in pellet or powder/dough form depending on the formula. Some models require limited physical activity and in those cases diets can be fed inside the cage. For more information see our Diet Induced Obesity page.
In susceptible rodent models, high fat diets are commonly used to induce NAFLD with obesity and insulin resistance common metabolic features associated with NASH in humans. However, the degree of NASH pathology (steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis) is limited or mild and varies depending on the animal model, length of feeding, and dietary components.
Diets to induce severe hepatic NAFLD/NASH without obesity or metabolic
Atherogenic diets high in fat, cholesterol, and cholate
Originally formulated to induce mild atherosclerosis in wild-type rodents, high fat diets containing added cholesterol (1 – 1.25%) and cholate (0.5% as sodium cholate or cholic acid) have also been useful in inducing NASH. This diet option includes purified “Western” style diets with increased cholesterol and cholate and also hybrid diets. Hybrid diets were originally developed by Beverly Paigen and colleagues by mixing a natural ingredient mouse diet in a 3:1 ratio with a concentrated purified diet (containing 5% cholesterol and 2% sodium cholate) resulting in a diet containing ~15.8% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate. Although a less refined approach, the hybrid diet is associated with increased gallstone formation and liver damage as compared to similar purified diets.
Atherogenic diets are able to induce varied degrees of NASH with increased hepatic inflammation with early fibrosis observed after ten weeks of feeding. However, the metabolic profile typical in human NASH (obesity with insulin resistance) is not recapitulated in this model with animals typically maintaining similar body weights as control fed groups without the development of metabolic syndrome.
Select References:
Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res, 1990. 31(5): p. 859-69. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2380634
Kamari, Y., et al., Lack of interleukin-1alpha or interleukin-1beta inhibits transformation of steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. J Hepatol, 2011. 55(5): p. 1086-94. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21354232
Kim, D.G., et al., Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induces signs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in wild-type mice and accelerates pathological signs of AD in an AD model. J Neuroinflammation, 2016. 13: p. 1. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26728181
Madrigal-Perez, V.M., et al., Preclinical analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug usefulness for the simultaneous prevention of steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis and hyperlipidemia. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015. 8(12): p. 22477-83. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26885230
Savransky, V., et al., Chronic intermittent hypoxia causes hepatitis in a mouse model of diet-induced fatty liver. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2007. 293(4): p. G871-7. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690174
Methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diets
Methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diets are amino acid defined rodent diets deficient in methionine and choline, high in sucrose (>40% by weight) with ~10% corn oil by weight. Methionine and choline deficiency decreases fat oxidation and export of fat from the liver. Dietary sucrose is necessary for hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidation. The polyunsaturated fat in corn oil promotes hepatic lipid oxidation.
Steatosis, increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), inflammation, and hepatic fat oxidation has been observed within three weeks of feeding the MCD diet with fibrosis development after six weeks. This dietary model does not produce metabolic syndrome (an aspect of NASH in human models) and progressive weight loss (up to 40%) is associated with the MCD diet feeding.
Select References:
Pickens, M.K., et al., Dietary sucrose is essential to the development of liver injury in the MCD model of steatohepatitis. J Lipid Res, 2009. 50(10):2072-82. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295183
Li, Z.Z., et al., Hepatic lipid partitioning and liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J Biol Chem, 2009. 284(9): p. 5637-44. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119140
Lee, G.S., et al., Polyunsaturated fat in the methionine-choline-deficient diet influences hepatic inflammation but not hepatocellular injury. J Lipid Res, 2007. 48(8): p. 1885-96. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526933
Vetelainen, R., A. van Vliet, and T.M. van Gulik, Essential pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or methione-choline deficient diets in a rat model. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2007. 22(9): p. 1526-33. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17716355
Leclercq, I.A., et al., Intrahepatic insulin resistance in a murine model of steatohepatitis: effect of PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone. Lab Invest, 2007. 87(1): p. 56-65. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075577
Kashireddy, P.R. and M.S. Rao, Sex differences in choline-deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2004. 229(2): p. 158-62. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14734794
Dixon, L.J., et al., Caspase-1-mediated regulation of fibrogenesis in diet-induced steatohepatitis. Lab Invest, 2012. 92(5): p. 713-23. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22411067
Emerging NASH models
Dietary models of NAFLD/NASH continue to evolve with the goal of more accurately recapitulating both the metabolic and hepatic symptoms of human disease. Commonly researchers are studying the synergistic effects of various NASH dietary features to accelerate progression of the model and severity of liver disease.
A Teklad nutritionist can work with you to formulate new diets in order to investigate novel dietary models of NAFLD/NASH. Contact a nutritionist at askanutritionist@envigo.com for a diet consultation.
Control diets
The choice of control diet is dependent on the specific research goal. Many researchers choose to compare their NAFLD/NASH diet-fed animals to animals fed a natural ingredient, grain-based diet (also referred to as standard diet or chow). These diets differ in the source and level of nutrients as well as in the presence of non-nutritive factors (such as phytates or phytoestrogens).
Depending on what your main comparisons are, it may be suitable to have a grain-based diet as your control/reference group. However, making such comparisons limits inferences to dietary patterns versus a specific dietary component. In some cases, such as those studies feeding amino acid defined diets like the MCD model, a matched control diet is recommended given the very different formulations and protein sources of grain-based diets.
When making inferences about specific nutrients within the diet an ingredient matched, low fat control diet may be necessary. There are many options with different levels and types of fat in addition to different types of carbohydrate ranging from sucrose (highly refined and digestible) to corn starch (refined, but more complex) to resistant starch (refined, but not fully digestible).
A very basic purified control diet would be AIN-93M TD.94048 or AIN-93G TD.94045 . AIN-93 diets have a moderate amount of sucrose at ~10% with fat from soybean oil providing a healthy fatty acid profile. Learn more about AIN diet formulas.
Contact a nutritionist for an additional information and control diet recommendations.
Need more information? A Teklad nutritionist will work with you to determine if existing diets will meet your needs or formulate new diets to help you investigate novel dietary models of NAFLD/NASH. Contact us for a diet consultation.
Envigo’s customers conduct research and develop products that have the potential to improve lives. But achieving this potential is becoming increasingly difficult.
We believe that for our customers to achieve their goals, they need to trust and be absolutely confident in the company they choose to help them with their research, products and services.
We understand the only way we can create this trust and confidence is by consistently delivering scientific excellence and outstanding customer service.
At Envigo, we are proud of our customer-centric culture which makes us responsive to every customer, no matter their size, continually optimizing their product delivery and research programs to help ensure consistently clear results.
Our ability to combine scientific excellence with empathetic working relationships is what differentiates us. We always seek to understand our customers’ goals and challenges, appreciate our customers’ perspectives and work together for a better future.
Beyond our responsibility to customers, we are responsible to people, animals and the communities and environment in which we live. We are dedicated to assuring people that the products they use have been tested properly for safety and efficacy. We are committed to the highest levels of animal welfare. And we provide services that help develop new medicines, protect the environment and food supplies and make the world a healthier and safer place.
At Envigo, we exist to help our customers secure the potential of their research and develop products that enhance and enrich life.
Not all products are stocked locally; extended lead time and additional fees may apply. Many diets are available in certified format designated by a “C” following the product code. When diets are certified a representative sample is tested for a panel of contaminants. If not stocked as certified, certification can be made available upon request. Minimum order size and additional charges may apply.
As recently as December 2020, the World Health Organization estimated that there are more than one billion people living with disabilities, with over 100 million persons having significant difficulties in functioning (for more information, see www.who.int/disabilities/en).
Many of these disabilities can affect access to information technologies. Additionally, the same individuals who run into barriers that impede access to information technologies could benefit most from using them.
Given the importance of the internet, accessibility to the web is of critical importance to people with disabilities around the world, including people with auditory, cognitive, physical, neurological, and visual disabilities. It is likewise important to those with accessibility needs due to aging.
Providing accessible web content can also benefit people who do not have disabilities but who are experiencing situational barriers. For example, when accessing the internet from devices with small screens or in low bandwidth situations, or when experiencing barriers due to language or literacy levels, accessibility solutions can also support improved access.
Envigo is committed to ensuring equal access for people with disabilities. As potential stakeholders, customers and employees of Envigo, they are important contributors to Envigo’s business success and should not be excluded, but rather welcomed into the Envigo family.
Envigo will endeavor to maximize the access of people with disabilities to this website.
Web content produced by Envigo is intended to meet Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, Level AA by the target compliance date of February 2021.
Envigo enables web content accessibility utilizing a third-party tool. It is our intent to provide full WCAG compliant content however we cannot guarantee browser specific behavior and/or remote sites.
If you have any questions, please contact us marketing@envigo.com.
The most common custom rabbit diets are those with a standard diet base and added cholesterol. Typically, the added cholesterol ranges from 0.25% to two percent. Additional fat can also be a feature of these formulas. To preserve pellet quality we recommend no more than six percent additional fat. Added fat is most often supplied as peanut oil, corn oil, coconut oil, or a combination. We recommend the Teklad base diets 2030 or 2031.
Rabbits do not readily consume purified diet. When specific nutrient manipulations are necessary, hybrid diets or at least some alfalfa meal inclusion is recommended. Contact us for formula examples or to discuss your specific needs.
Most often, customized diets for swine feature natural ingredients with added fat and cholesterol. Here are three variations on this theme:
TD.93296 Swine diet (15% lard, two perecent cholesterol)
We recommend these diets in meal/powder form, as pellets are not very durable. Other natural ingredient and purified diets with various nutrient manipulations are available. Contact us for further information.
The most common custom Guinea pig diets are those with a standard diet base (such as Teklad 2040 or 2041) and added cholesterol.
Guinea pigs do not readily consume purified diets, so when specific nutrient manipulations are necessary, hybrid diets (mixture of refined and natural ingredients) are recommended. At the very least it is advisable to retain some alfalfa meal in the diet. Contact us for further information.
Most times, diets that are developed for mice and rats are suitable for hamsters and gerbils, and vice versa. We may advise increasing specific nutrients in a purified diet for hamsters and gerbils. Contact us for further information.
Depending on the focus of your research, customized diet for non-human primates can contain natural ingredients, refined ingredients, or a mixture of both. Custom diets for primates often feature adjustments in fat type, fat level, and cholesterol. Contact us for further information.
These formulas are purified diets with commonly used refined ingredients. These basic formulas are often modified for a specific research purpose, such as altering the fat source, a vitamin or mineral level, or adding a compound. See theFAQsection to learn more about the history of these formulas, AIN-76A, AIN-93G, and AIN-93M.
These formulas (as well as other purified diets) do not contain alfalfa and can be used to reduce background autofluorescence in certain imaging applications. Our Global Rodent Diets are also alfalfa-free and are suitable for imaging work. Please contact us for further information about these formulas or modifications.
Other related product codes:
TD.94096 version of AIN-76A suitable for irradiation (vitamin levels are increased)
TD.97184 version of AIN-93G suitable for irradiation (vitamin levels are increased)
TD.00102 version of AIN-93M suitable for irradiation (vitamin levels are increased)
TD.95092 modification of AIN-93G where soybean oil is replaced with corn oil
Not all products are stocked locally; extended lead time and additional fees may apply. Many diets are available in certified format designated by a “C” following the product code. When diets are certified a representative sample is tested for a panel of contaminants. If not stocked as certified, certification can be made available upon request. Minimum order size and additional charges may apply.
Isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen, are found in soy protein. Most traditional standard diets have soybean meal as a major ingredient, and therefore are a significant source of isoflavones. Please refer toFAQsection for more information about phytoestrogens.
In contrast, casein-based purified diets such as AIN-76A, AIN-93G, AIN-93M, and formulas with similar ingredients, are essentially free of isoflavones. This type of diet is sometimes used for research that requires a minimal isoflavone background. This type of diet can be used as the background to which isoflavones such as genistein (supplied by the customer) can be added.
An alternative to a purified, casein-based diet is a natural ingredient diet from our global rodent diet line. Several diets in this line contain minimal isoflavone/phytoestrogen levels and are commonly used for research that requires a minimal isoflavone/phytoestrogen background. This type of diet can also be used as the background to which isoflavones such as genistein (supplied by the customer) can be added.
Working with Envigo, you are only a mouse click away from accessing the data for your projects. Customers have access to the same systems that Envigo uses to provide the services you require. As the system is updated by Envigo, customers have real time access to the same information. Generate a report or analyze your study data through a secure technology platform.
Login is associated with the location of your colonies.
Envigo LabTracks™ provides access to the same system used to manage your colony within our facilities. Access the system to view your projects, request a task or generate an update report.
Diet can be a useful tool to induce or accelerate atherosclerosis in laboratory animal models. Key dietary features used to induce atherosclerosis in rodents vary depending on the research model, desired endpoint, and length of feeding. While formulations of atherogenic diets continue to evolve, the options that are well-described in the literature are summarized below. For more information on each diet option and literature references see the expandable tabs following the diet table.
Research use
Key dietary features
Examples
“Western” purified atherogenic diet
Accelerated hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation in genetically modified models such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice.
Used for diet induced obesity in a variety of rodent models.
High fat diet (20 – 23% by weight; 40 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >60% of total fatty acids)
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available.
“Western” purified atherogenic diet
“Western” style diets are fed to genetically-modified cardiovascular models, such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice, to accelerate and enhance hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation and to elicit phenotypes commonly associated with metabolic syndrome. Within the atherogenic literature, a “Western” diet typically is described as a purified rodent diet with 20-23% milkfat/butterfat, 0.2% total cholesterol, and 34% sucrose by weight. TD.88137 is an example of a “Western” style diet that was originally designed to characterize and enhance atherosclerosis development in a newly generated Apoe-deficient mouse model. Contact us for more information about “Western” style diets, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples:
TD.88137 Adjusted calories diet (42% from fat, 0.2% total cholesterol)
TD.10885 45% fat Kcal diet (0.2% total cholesterol)
Research use:
Accelerated hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation in genetically-modified models, such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice.
Used for diet-induced obesity in a variety of rodent models.
Key dietary features:
High Fat Diet (20-23% by weight; 40 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >60% of total fatty acids)
Milkfat/butterfat
Sucrose (34% by weight)
Cholesterol (0.2% total)
References:
Febbraio, M., et al., Targeted disruption of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 protects against atherosclerotic lesion development in mice. J Clin Invest, 2000. 105(8): p. 1049-56.
Huszar, D., et al., Increased LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice with attenuated expression of scavenger receptor B1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2000. 20(4): p. 1068-73.
Nakashima, Y., et al., ApoE-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Arterioscler Thromb, 1994. 14(1): p. 133-40.
Nakashima, Y., et al., Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1998. 18(5): p. 842-51.
Plump, A.S., et al., Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells. Cell, 1992. 71(2): p. 343-53.
Towler, D.A., et al., Diet-induced diabetes activates an osteogenic gene regulatory program in the aortas of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. J Biol Chem, 1998. 273(46): p. 30427-34.
Tsuchiya, K., et al., FoxOs integrate pleiotropic actions of insulin in vascular endothelium to protect mice from atherosclerosis. Cell Metab, 2012. 15(3): p. 372-81.
“Western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate source*
Wild type mice and rats generally are resistant to atherosclerosis, requiring more extreme dietary manipulation to modify lipoprotein profiles and develop mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks). Modern formulations are made completely of purified ingredients because this more refined approach has been reported to decrease the incidence of gallstones and liver damage associated with less refined and more traditional dietary approaches. To induce mild atherosclerosis in wild type animals, the “Western” purified diet can be modified to increase cholesterol (1-1.25%) and add a bile salt such as sodium cholate or cholic acid. Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples of purified high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:
Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.
Will not promote obesity.
Key dietary features:
High fat diet (15-20% by weight; 34 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >55% of total fatty acids)
Milkfat/butterfat, cocoa butter
Sucrose (30-50% by weight)
Cholesterol (1 – 1.25%)
Cholate source (0.5%)*
References:
Bernal, C., et al., Lipid biomarkers and metabolic effects of lycopene from tomato juice on liver of rats with induced hepatic steatosis. J Nutr Biochem, 2013. 24(11): p. 1870-81.
Gao, Q., et al., Atherogenic diets exacerbate colitis in mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2010. 16(12): p. 2043-54.
Lichtman, A.H., et al., Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL receptor-deficient mice fed defined semipurified diets with and without cholate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999. 19(8): p. 1938-44.
Marcondes, M.C., et al., Effects of chronic mental stress and atherogenic diet on the immune inflammatory environment in mouse aorta. Brain Behav Immun, 2011. 25(8): p. 1649-57.
Nishina, P.M., et al., Effects of dietary fats from animal and plant sources on diet-induced fatty streak lesions in C57BL/6J mice. J Lipid Res, 1993. 34(8): p. 1413-22.
Nishina, P.M., et al., Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids, 1993. 28(7): p. 599-605.
Yue, P., et al., Enhanced hepatic apoA-I secretion and peripheral efflux of cholesterol and phospholipid in CD36 null mice. PLoS One, 2010. 5(3): p. e9906.
Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res, 1990. 31(5): p. 859-69.
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available. See TD.96121 for a purified diet and TD.94059 for a hybrid diet. Contact us for additional options.
Hybrid high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*
Beverly Paigen and colleagues first characterized atherosclerosis development in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a hybrid atherogenic diet. The hybrid diet was created by mixing a natural ingredient mouse diet in a 3:1 ratio with a concentrated purified diet (containing 5% cholesterol and 2% sodium cholate; referred to as Thomas-Hartroft diet). The resulting mixture recreated in TD.88051 /TD.90221 (same formula) contains ~15.8% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate. This group later compared the hybrid atherogenic diet approach to the more modern “western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate and found that the hybrid atherogenic diet induced more gallstones and liver damage. Hybrid diets contain a variety of unrefined ingredients that may modify lipid metabolism and atherogenesis and do not allow for precise control of ingredients and nutrients for the study of chronic diseases. Although more refined diets have been developed, hybrid atherogenic diets are still popular for inducing mild atherosclerosis and gallstones in wild type mice and rats. Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples of hybrid high-fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:
TD.88051 and TD.90221 (same formula) are Teklad product codes for hybrid atherogenic diets
Example of hybrid high-fat diet with added cholesterol (without cholate source):
Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.
Will not promote obesity.
Also used for lithogenic (gallstone) rodent studies.
Key dietary features:
75% rodent breeder diet; 25% purified ingredients
High fat (~15% by weight; 37% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >45% of total fatty acids)
Cholesterol (1.25%)
Cholate source (0.5%)*
References:
Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res, 1990. 31(5): p. 859-69.
Clee, S.M., et al., Plasma and vessel wall lipoprotein lipase have different roles in atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res, 2000. 41(4): p. 521-31.
George, J., et al., Enhanced fatty streak formation in C57BL/6J mice by immunization with heat shock protein-65. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999. 19(3): p. 505-10.
Miyake, J.H., et al., Transgenic expression of cholesterol-7-alpha-hydroxylase prevents atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2002. 22(1): p. 121-6.
Paigen, B., et al., Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Atherosclerosis, 1987. 68(3): p. 231-40.
Schreyer, S.A., D.L. Wilson, and R.C. LeBoeuf, C57BL/6 mice fed high fat diets as models for diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 1998. 136(1): p. 17-24.
Vergnes, L., et al., Cholesterol and cholate components of an atherogenic diet induce distinct stages of hepatic inflammatory gene expression. J Biol Chem, 2003. 278(44): p. 42774-84.
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available. See TD.96121 for a purified diet and TD.94059 for a hybrid diet. Contact us for additional options.
Standard diets with added cholesterol
Standard, natural ingredient diets with cholesterol added are fed to induce hypercholesterolemia. Various levels of cholesterol, fat, and/or bile salts can be added to one of the numerous standard rodent diets stocked by Envigo Teklad. For many applications, adding these components to Envigo’s minimal-to-moderate phytoestrogen global rodent diets is recommended. Our minimal phytoestrogen global rodent diets are soybean meal free, limiting the effect of phytoestrogens on your research outcomes. Soybean meal, a common dietary source of phytoestrogens, has been shown to decrease aortic fatty streak development and modify plasma cholesterol, which may reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Limiting dietary soybean meal may reduce confounding variables within your dietary-induced atherosclerosis model. Contact a nutritionist to discuss additional diet options.
Examples of minimal and moderate phytoestrogen rodent diets with added cholesterol:
Induce hypercholesterolemia in genetically-modified and wild type models without promoting obesity.
Key dietary features:
Standard, grain-based rodent diet
Minimal/moderate phytoestrogen diets recommended
Cholesterol (1 – 4%)
References:
Belch, J.J., et al., Longitudinal assessment of endothelial function in the microvasculature of mice in-vivo. Microvasc Res, 2013. 85: p. 86-92.
Hartvigsen, K., et al., A diet-induced hypercholesterolemic murine model to study atherogenesis without obesity and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2007. 27(4): p. 878-85.
Diets for additional animal models of atherosclerosis
Rabbits, hamsters, and swine are common models of atherosclerosis. Contact a nutritionist for information and formula examples. See rabbit, swine and other species for information and formula examples.
For additional phytoestrogen information, see our list of phytoestrogen references.
When your experiments require the addition or application of certain compounds to your animal research subject, you can consider adding your medications or compounds to your animal’s diet. Envigo has experience customizing diets for all types of research needs, and that includes introducing additives as a convenient way to medicate lab animals. Simply turn to one of our expert staff nutritionists to determine whether it is a viable option.
Medications or compounds supplied by your investigator are referred to as “customer supplied ingredients” or “customer reserves,” and they can be added to most diets. Generally, if the stability or activity of the compound is not compromised during manufacture or further processing such as irradiation, adding an ingredient can be a smart option for simplifying your feeding and medicating schedules. Also, the inclusion rate of any given compound is adjusted to suit your needs, and can be determined in consultation with our expert nutritional staff.
Please use the customer supplied ingredients submission form if you require the addition or application of certain compounds to your animal research subject.
When adding a compound to a diet, we will work with you to be sure that it is appropriate for our diet formulation procedures and can be done safely.
We require a safety data sheet or other relevant safety and usage information
We have an obligation to maintain a safe work environment. This typically applies to drugs, experimental compounds and chemicals
Food products generally will not require safety information, although information about nutrient content, reason for use, etc. is helpful in the design of diets
Water is added as a pelleting aid. Pellets are formed under pressure but no external heat is applied
Sometimes the drying process can be modified if heat stability is questioned
It is your responsibility to determine the suitability of the compound for inclusion into a pelleted diet
If you require irradiation, we can customize most diets to be suitable for this sterilization process
Once your diet has been produced, we can send it for irradiation. The dose ranges from 20-50 kGy. Diets that are to be irradiated require an additional two weeks for shipment (four weeks total)
For diets that are to be irradiated, vacuum packaging may be beneficial. Both irradiation and vacuum packaging must be requested when ordering
We defer to you to determine the suitability of the compound for irradiation
Inform us on a g/kg diet or percentage basis, how much of the compound you want in the diet
If you need to calculate a dose based on animal body weight, we can help convert that to g/kg diet
Depending on the choice of base diet and the nature of the added ingredient(s), more than a ten percent dilution is generally not advisable
To limit differences between the control and experimental diets you may want to consider using a control diet that uses similar ingredients and has gone through the same production process
Send extra compound (approximately enough for one more kg than you have ordered) so that we can yield the desired amount of diet
If we have not received enough compound, we will use the entire amount and make as much diet as possible, unless special arrangements can be made
If you plan to use the compound more than once and stability with storage is not an issue, we can maintain an inventory for you and store it appropriately, per your instructions
Unless otherwise instructed, we will return any remaining compound with your shipment, but we do not dispose of the compound
If you would like your compound retained for future use, please supply us with a retention document
A few amino acid defined formulas are shown below. This type of diet is used when a diet needs to be deficient in one or more amino acids, or adjustments need to be made to specific amino acid levels.
Sometimes this type of diet is used to further reduce the background level of certain vitamins that are found in protein sources such as casein or vitamin-free (alcohol extracted) casein. Some folic acid deficient diets utilize this approach.
The amino acid profile for most amino acid defined diets is based on work by Harper and Rogers (J. Nutr. (1965) 87:267-276) and is not representative of the amino acid profile of an intact protein source such as casein. Other amino acid profiles can be specified. When an amino acid(s) is removed or reduced, isonitrogenous adjustment can be made if required.
Please email us at askanutritionist@envigo.com for additional formulas of this nature or for more information about altering the amino acid profile of a diet.
Not all products are stocked locally; extended lead time and additional fees may apply. Many diets are available in certified format designated by a “C” following the product code. When diets are certified a representative sample is tested for a panel of contaminants. If not stocked as certified, certification can be made available upon request. Minimum order size and additional charges may apply.
A few vitamin adjusted formulas are shown below. Please contact us for additional formulas of this nature or for more information about altering the vitamin profile of a diet, and please read below to learn more.
Most vitamin deficient diets use vitamin-free test casein (VFT casein) as the protein source. VFT casein is casein that has been extracted with denatured alcohol to reduce the fat content from about 1% to 0.1%. In the process the content of a number of vitamins (present at low or trace levels in casein) is further reduced, making this an ideal protein source for these types of diets. Envigo produces our own VFT in-house, and we also offer this as an ingredient for those mixing their own diets.
From this vitamin deficient base, various levels of vitamins can be added back. Many formulas adjust multiple vitamins, and other nutrients.
If use of an intact protein source is not advisable, an amino acid defined diet can be used.
Contact us for other formula examples or to discuss your specific needs.
Running an effective research study requires reliable products and processes.
At Envigo, our quality assurance team is an integral part of delivering the consistent research models and services that you expect for your program.
Our curriculum ensures compliance with our policies as well as requirements set by AAALAC, IACUC and the USDA. To maintain our high standards, our quality assurance team is comprised of quality professionals with relevant industry certifications and credentials. In order to support our core value of animal welfare, and to optimize consistent, correct, and reliable research models for you, the provision of quality services within Research Models Services (RMS) is implemented within a framework that is closely aligned with the international standard, ISO 9001:2015.
Our quality assurance services include:
Core SOPs and document lifecycle control
Development of internal quality management systems, such as robust deviation and change management program
Continuous process improvement initiatives
Preventive controls including auditing services
Accurate data analytics through the use of TrackWise®, a leading complaint management system
Through the effective application of a risk-based quality management system and an internal continuous improvement process, we proactively monitor, track and remediate issues as they arise. This strategic method allows us to quickly take action and improve operational performance. Externally, we work with global regulatory authorities to verify that our operations, facilities and processes meet or exceed local and international standards.
With best practices identified and replicated across our global sites, we can offer high-quality research models and services that uphold our stringent quality assurance standards and our brand promise to enable your ongoing success.
Envigo has over 1,200 devoted employees in more than 20 locations across North America and Europe who provide our customers with mission-critical products and services to enable their critical research. North America | Europe | Middle East
This page explains how Envigo (“We”, “Us” or “Our”) uses cookies on the website (the “Website”)envigo.com and subdomains.
We recognize and comply with the European legislation on the use of cookies to safeguard Your information and Our commitment to Your privacy is important to Us. Therefore, We are providing You with this information on our use of cookies to comply with legislation and to be clear about Your privacy when using the Website.
By using the Website you (“You” or “Your”) acknowledge that You accept the provisions of this Cookie Statement. We may amend this Cookie Statement at any time by amending this page. All such changes will take effect once they have been posted on the Website. By continuing to use the Website You will be deemed to have accepted those changes after they are posted.
What is a cookie?
cookie is a small file, which is transferred to Your computer hard drive, tablet or mobile device when You visit Our website. The cookies are then sent back to Our website each time You visit Our website, or visit another website that recognizes that cookie. For further information about cookies, visit www.allaboutcookies.org. Please note that We are not responsible for the content of any external websites.
Information about our use of cookies
Our Website makes use of various cookies, which helps uniquely identify your browser to the server. The information gathered through cookies helps Us to customize a more personalized service to You when You browse Our Website, so We can improve Your experience.
If You agree, We may obtain information about Your general internet usage (such as Your IP address, operating system and browser type) for system administration purposes. This information is statistical data about Your browsing actions and patterns and does not identify You as an individual.
Our commitment to Your privacy is important to us therefore, if You do not wish to enable cookies, you have the option to disable them. In this case, You will still be able to browse Our Website, but certain cookie dependent features and parts of Our Website may not work correctly for You.
If You would prefer to restrict, block or delete cookies from Our Website or any other website, You can make those changes in Your browser settings. As each browser is different, please refer to the help pages for Your browser, for instructions on how to enable or disable cookies for Your particular platform.
Types of cookies used on the website
Change your cookie preferences:
The cookies we use are split between strictly necessary cookies and Marketing/Analytics cookies.
Necessary cookies are those that are required for the operation of Our Website and supporting technologies.
Marketing/Analytics cookies collect information about how You use Our Website. They allow Us to recognize and identify how visitors engage with Our website. This helps Us improve the way the Website works by personalizing the website experience, for example, remembering your preferences and providing marketing information that is relevant to You.
By using Our Website and making Your choices on how the Website works for You, You agree that We can place the following types of cookie on Your device. You may elect to turn off tracking cookies whenever you wish at the top of this page.
Cookie
Domain
Considered Valid For
Description
_cfduid
.blog.envigo.com
1 yr
Used by the content network, Cloudflare, to identify trusted web traffic.
_cfduid
.hs-analytics.net
1 yr
_cfduid
.hsforms.com
1 yr
_cfduid
.hsforms.net
1 yr
_cfduid
.hs-scripts.com
1 yr
_cfduid
.hubspot.com
1 yr
_cfduid
.hubspot.net
1 yr
_cfduid
.insights.envigo.com
1 yr
_cfduid
.usemessages.com
1 yr
_cfruid
.blog.envigo.com
Persistent
_cfruid
.insights.envigo.com
Persistent
_hssc
.envigo.com
1 yr
Used by Content Management system, Hubspot, to provide personalized web browsing experience.
_hssrc
.envigo.com
Persistent
Used by Content Management system, Hubspot, to provide personalized web browsing experience.
_hstc
.envigo.com
1 yr
Used by Content Management system, Hubspot, to provide personalized web browsing experience
_stid
.sharethis.com
1 yr
Registers a unique ID that identifies the user’s device for return visits.
_ga
.envigo.com
2 yrs
Registers a unique ID that identifies the user’s device for return visits.
_gat
.envigo.com
1 day
Used by Google Analytics to throttle request rate.
_gat_omTrackerhhsmc3esonbyzxxw2pkf
.envigo.com
1 day
User analytics tracking through google Analytics.
_gat_wwwTracker
.envigo.com
1 day
User analytics tracking through google Analytics.
_gid
.envigo.com
2 days
Registers a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how a visitor uses the website.
_hjIncludedInSample
blog.envigo.com
Persistent
Determines if the user’s navigation should be registered in a certain statistical place holder.
_hjIncludedInSample
insights.envigo.com
Persistent
Determines if the user’s navigation should be registered in a certain statistical place holder.
_hjIncludedInSample
.envigo.com
Persistent
Determines if the user’s navigation should be registered in a certain statistical place holder.
_pk_id.{uniquie ID}
insights.envigo.com
13 months
Used to store a few details about the user such as the unique visitor ID.
_pk_ses.{unique ID}
insights.envigo.com
30 minutes
Short lived cookies used to temporarily store data for the visit.
8026365537_key
insights.envigo.com
14 days
Used to render and capture the status of videos in a page
analytics
.envigo.com
3 months
Captures visitor cookie preference settings to consent and capture what cookies are allowed to be captured through envigo.com, this cookie is not actively set anymore.
bcookie
.linkedin.com
2 yrs
Used by the social networking service, LinkedIn, for tracking the use of embedded services.
BizoID
.ads.linkedin.com
1 month
Unclassified
hubspotutk
.envigo.com
1 yr
Keeps track of a visitor’s identity. This cookie is passed to the marketing platform HubSpot on a form submission and used when de-duplicating contacts.
IDE
.doubleclick.net
2 yrs
Used by Google DoubleClick to register and report the website user’s actions after viewing or clicking one of the advertiser’s ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.
lang
.ads.linkedin.com
Persistent
Remembers the user’s selected language version of the website.
lang
.linkedin.com
Persistent
Remembers the user’s selected language version of the website.
lidc
.linkedin.com
2 days
Used by the social networking service, LinkedIn, for tracking the use of embedded services.
CookieControl
.envigo.com
1 year
Captures visitor cookie preference settings to consent and capture what cookies are allowed to be captured through envigo.com.
NID
.google.com
6 months
Registers a unique ID that identifies a returning user’s device. The ID is used for targeted ads.
omGlobalInteractionCookie
.envigo.com
1 yr
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages.
omGlobalSuccessCookie
.envigo.com
1 yr
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages.
om-hhsmc3esonbyzxxw2pkf
.envigo.com
1 month
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages.
omSeen-hhsmc3esonbyzxxw2pkf
.envigo.com
1 month
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages.
omSlideClosed-hhsmc3esonbyzxxw2pkf
.envigo.com
1 month
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages.
omSuccessCookie
.envigo.com
1 yr
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages.
omSuccess-hhsmc3esonbyzxxw2pkf
.envigo.com
1 yr
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages.
slimstat_tracking_code
.envigo.com
1 day
Unclassified
stg_externalReferrer
insights.envigo.com
session
Stores an URL of a website that referred a visitor to your website.
stg_last_interaction
insights.envigo.com
1 year
Determines whether the last visitor’s session is still in progress or a new session has started.
stg_returning_visitor
insights.envigo.com
1 year
Determines if the visitor has already been to your website — he or she is a returning visitor.
stg_traffic_source_priority
insights.envigo.com
30 mins
Stores the type of traffic source that explains how the visitor reached your website.
GPS
.youtube.com
session
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages, and history of videos watched.
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE
.youtube.com
session
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages, and history of videos watched.
YSC
.youtube.com
session
Provides functionality to target specific advertizing offers in specific pages, and history of videos watched.
rc::b
Session
google.com
Unclassified
tfw_exp
.twitter.com
session
Provides functionality to share a blog phrase on twitter.
A few protein adjusted formulas are shown below. Please contact us for additional formulas of this nature or for more information about altering the protein type or content of a diet.
These diet examples are from a series of diets with the following features: casein-based, isocaloric (3.8 kcal/g) and matched for fat (5.5%), calcium (0.7%), and phosphorus (0.54%). There are other diets available from this series of diets, as well as other unique protein adjusted diets.
Casein is the most widely used refined protein source, but it is also possible to use other refined protein sources, such as “vitamin-free” test casein (alcohol extracted), lactalbumin, isolated soy protein, and egg white solids. These particular protein sources are usually used to achieve a specific research objective, rather than for routine use. For instance, vitamin-free test casein is most appropriately used in vitamin deficient diets, and egg white solids is most suitable for zinc or biotin deficient diets.
Adjusted protein diets usually range from “protein-free” (trace) to 60% protein, depending on the research.
There are numerous possibilities in adjusting both the level and source of fat in a diet. If your primary interest is inducing atherosclerosis or obesity, additional information can be found on our Teklad atherogenic and diet induced obesity (DIO) diet pages. Depending on your research goals and level of desired fat supplementation, fats can be added to a standard natural ingredient diet or a purified diet.
Purified ingredients are refined to the point of chemical simplicity and allow for extreme fat levels such as no fat diet TD.03314 or very high fat ketogenic diet TD.96355 . Unless adjustments are made to the level of fiber, diets with high fat levels will have a greater caloric density since fat contains 9 kcal/g versus 4 kcal/g for carbohydrate or protein. Animals are good at regulating caloric intake, therefore it is common to adjust other nutrients (vitamins, minerals, protein) relative to energy content to account for differences in feed intake.
Specific fats can be utilized as in this essential fatty acid deficient diet TD.84224 or to provide high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fat from flaxseed or fish oil. Normally, 1-2% fat from plant sources like corn or soybean oil will supply sufficient levels of essential fatty acids. Additional fat provides energy and can influence palatability due to effects on taste and texture of the diet.
Mixtures of fats can be used to mimic a Western or Mediterranean diet fatty acid profile. Contact us for a table comparing the fatty acid composition of several stocked fat sources (solid fats, oils).
We also commonly work with customer supplied oils and purified fatty acids such as DHA and EPA. If you prefer to mix fat sources in your lab, ask about a basal mix. Basal mixes are supplied in powder form and often allow you to use one diet mix for creating several different diets.
If fat stability is a concern, contact a nutritionist to discuss options for diet drying, vacuum packaging, and synthetic antioxidant supplementation.
Envigo is a global company that is committed to helping customers realize the full potential of their products and research which contribute to enhancing the lives of people and animals, as well as protecting the environment. The value of animals in this critical research is essential for advancing our understanding of the body in health and disease and for developing new medicines and other compounds. Without animal research, we would not be able to produce the life-changing medicines that enhance and save lives across the world.
Animal welfare statement
Concordat on openness
European Directive 2010-63-EU
Animal research links
Envigo only works with animals in research when there is no alternative method available or where research is mandated by legal or regulatory requirements. Animal research is currently mandated to:
Demonstrate the safety and efficacy of new medicines, for people and animals
Evaluate the safety of chemicals to humans, animals and the environment
In carrying out animal research for our customers at Envigo we follow the principles of the 3Rs – Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. We ensure the 3Rs are considered at all levels of the company. This means we work with alternatives to animals whenever we can, we aim to carry out studies with the fewest number of animals possible, and we take measures to minimize any pain or distress before, during, and after experimental procedures.
As well as research on animals, we use a range of other approaches and methods for research such as cell cultures, in vitro techniques, computer modelling, bioinformatics, high-throughput screening and clinical trials in people. We only work with animals when there is no other way of performing that research; in fact, legislation in many countries state that animal research is not permitted if an alternative non-animal method is available. In addition, we are working to develop alternative techniques that replace and reduce our need to work with animals in research.
At Envigo, animal welfare is a top priority. We adopt a humane and compassionate approach, actively fostering a culture of care toward our animals and aiming to operate at the highest professional standards. Animals that are well cared for allow us to produce better science and more reliable data. We have a company-wide animal welfare policy that defines and drives the standards for our animal care and welfare throughout Envigo.
The following agreement outlines your obligations when using the Envigo website available at <Envigo.com>, (the “Site”). The Site is owned and operated by Envigo RMS, LLC (“Envigo”), and is accessed by you under the terms of use described below (“Terms of Use”). PLEASE READ THESE TERMS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SERVICES. BY ACCESSING THE SITE OR ANY CONTENT ON THE SITE, YOU AGREE TO BECOME BOUND BY THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, THEN YOU MAY NOT ACCESS THE SITE OR USE THE CONTENT OR ANY SERVICES IN THE SITE. ENVIGO’S ACCEPTANCE IS EXPRESSLY CONDITIONED UPON YOUR ASSENT TO ALL OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, TO THE EXCLUSION OF ALL OTHER TERMS; IF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS ARE CONSIDERED AN OFFER BY ENVIGO, ACCEPTANCE IS EXPRESSLY LIMITED TO THESE TERMS.
2. MODIFICATIONS OF TERMS OF USE
Envigo reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to modify or replace the Terms of Use at any time. If the alterations constitute a material change to the Terms of Use, Envigo will notify you by posting an announcement on the Site. What constitutes a “material change” will be determined at Envigo’s sole discretion, in good faith and using common sense and reasonable judgment. You are responsible for reviewing and becoming familiar with any such modifications. Use of the Site by you following such notification constitutes your acceptance of the terms and conditions of the Terms of Use as modified.
3. Content ownership and Usage Rights
Envigo shall retain all worldwide rights in the intellectual property of the Site, including, but not limited to, trademarks, the “look and feel” of the Site, its color combinations, layout, and all other graphical elements, and the copyright in and to its original content. You should assume that everything you read or see on the Site is copyrighted or otherwise protected and owned by Envigo, or a third party who licensed the right to use such content to Envigo. Unless otherwise expressly noted, nothing that you read or see on the Site or other site content, or any of the source code or HTML code that Envigo uses to generate the Site may be copied, reproduced, modified, distributed, transmitted, republished, displayed, or performed for commercial use without the prior written consent of Envigo, except as provided in the Terms of Use without prior written consent or otherwise permitted by relevant law.
4. PRIVACY POLICY
Envigo’s current privacy policy is available at www.envigo.com/privacy-policy (the “Privacy Policy”), which is incorporated by this reference.
5.INDEMNITY
You will indemnify and hold harmless Envigo, its parents, subsidiaries, affiliates, customers, vendors, officers and employees from any liability, damage or cost (including reasonable attorneys. fees and cost) from any claim or demand made by any third party due to or arising out of your access to the Site, use of the Services, violation of the Terms of Use by you, or the infringement by you of any intellectual property or other right of any person or entity.
6. WARRANTY DISCLAIMERS
Diligent care has been taken in acquiring and providing the information included and posted on the Site. Nonetheless, Envigo makes no guarantee or warranty, express or implied, as to the reliability, accuracy, timeliness or completeness of that information and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions therein. USER ACCESSES THIS SITE AT HIS OR HER OWN RISK. THE SITE IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS, AS AVAILABLE” BASIS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND AND ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT ARE SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED. NEITHER ENVIGO NOR ITS AFFILIATES, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS OR THIRD PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS RESULTING FROM USE OR UNAVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION OR CONTENT ON THIS SITE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY LOST PROFITS, LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA, OR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, COMPENSATORY OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THIS DISCLAIMER IS APPLICABLE TO ANY DAMAGE OR INJURY RESULTING FROM NEGLIGENCE OR OMISSION OF ENVIGO, COMPUTER VIRUS OR OTHER SIMILAR ITEM, TELECOMMUNICATIONS ERRORS, OR UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO OR USE OF USER INFORMATION THROUGH THEFT OR ANY OTHER MEANS. ENVIGO IS NOT LIABLE FOR CRIMINAL, TORTUOUS, OR NEGLIGENT ACTIONS OR OMISSIONS OF THIRD PARTIES THAT AFFECT THIS SITE. IN NO EVENT WILL ENVIGO OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES, AGENTS, EMPLOYEES, ASSIGNS OR THIRD PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY TORTUOUS OR ILLEGAL CONDUCT OF OTHER USERS. IN NO EVENT WILL ENVIGO OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES, AGENTS, EMPLOYEES OR ASSIGNS BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT, HARDWARE OR OTHER PROPERTY OF USER OR PERSONAL INJURY THAT ARISES IN CONNECTION WITH USE OF THE SITE.
7. Linking and Framing
Envigo does not object to links on third-party sites to the homepage of the Site in an appropriate context. However, “framing” or “mirroring” the Site or any of its content is prohibited without the prior written consent of Envigo.
The Site may provide links to other sites or resources available on the Internet. Because Envigo has no control over such sites and resources, you acknowledge and agree that Envigo is not responsible for the availability of such external sites or resources, and does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any content, advertising, products or other materials on or available from such sites or resources. You further acknowledge and agree that Envigo shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with use of or reliance on any such content, goods or services available on or through any such site or resource.
8. Trademarks and trade names
ENVIGO, TEKLAD GLOBAL DIETS, SD, HOLTZMAN, SPRAGUE DAWLEY, Envigo graphics, logos, designs, page headers, button icons, scripts, and other service names are the trademarks and trade names of Envigo. Envigo’s trademarks and trade names may not be used, including as part of trademarks and/or as part of domain names, in connection with any product or service in any manner that is likely to cause confusion.
9. Electronic Communications
We use reasonable security measures and take reasonable system, process and administrative precautions to protect the security and integrity of email and other electronic communications that you may send to us. Despite all these precautions, no method of transmission over the Internet is entirely secure and we cannot guarantee the confidentiality or security of the electronic communications or its contents. You transmit such information at your own risk and you should decide very carefully which information you want to send us via any electronic communication.
10. SECURITY
Users are prohibited from violating or attempting to violate the security of the site. Envigo will investigate occurrences of possible violations and will cooperate with all applicable law enforcement authorities in prosecuting violators.
11. Miscellaneous
The Terms of Use constitutes the entire agreement between users of the Site and Envigo, and regarding the subject matter hereof. If you breach any term of the Terms of Use, Envigo may pursue any legal or equitable remedy available, including but not limited to, direct, consequential, and punitive damages and injunctive relief. Envigo remedies are cumulative and not exclusive. Failure of Envigo, to exercise any remedy or enforce any portion of the Terms of Use at any time shall not operate as a waiver of any remedy or of the right to enforce any portion of the Agreement at any time thereafter. Users of this Site are responsible for compliance with all applicable regulations and laws. Any dispute arising out of the Terms of Use shall be governed by the laws of Indiana, notwithstanding any conflicts of law principles. Any action relating to the Terms of Use must be filed and maintained in a court in the state of Indiana, USA, and users consent to exclusive jurisdiction and venue in such courts for such purpose.
