Purified high fat diets used to induce obesity and obesity-related complications such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome typically have 40-60% of energy derived from fat. The diet tables below summarize relevant diet features for several Teklad custom research diets commonly used in rodent models.
Teklad also creates high-fat diets for other species, including pigs, primates, and dogs. Contact us to discuss the use of these diets or one that better meets your needs.
COMMONLY-USED DIET-INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) TEKLAD RODENT DIETS WITH 55-60% OF CALORIES FROM FAT
*Control diets can be designed in several ways, depending on what features the researcher wants to modify relative to the high-fat diet. These are just a few examples.
COMMONLY-USED DIET-INDUCED OBESITY (DIO) TEKLAD RODENT DIETS WITH 40-45% OF CALORIES FROM FAT
Diets with 55-60% of calories from fat like TD.06414 and TD.93075 are commonly used for inducing obesity in rodents. While considered extreme compared to typical human fat consumption, these diets are effective in initiating rapid weight gain in most rodents. With higher fat content there is less room for carbohydrate, thus the carbohydrate (particularly sucrose) amount is relatively low compared to other obesity inducing diets. If you are interested in high fat and high carbohydrate, look at diets with 40-45% of calories from fat (often referred to as western diets).
As the fat level increases, pellet quality (durability) is often compromised. Some higher fat formulas are available only in non-pelleted form or require specific carbohydrate, maltodextrin, for pelleting. Depending on the fat and carbohydrate sources used, the non-pelleted form could be dense and crumbly, dough-like, or paste-like. Though a little more challenging to work with, non-pelleted diet is still used by many researchers for diet-induced obesity models as these researchers suspect the softer form may enhance obesity development.
Diets with 40-45% of calories from fat, like TD.95217, TD.88137, TD.06415, and TD.08811, represent another popular diet pattern for diet-induced obesity work. These diets have double or triple the amount of sucrose found in higher fat diets. High levels of simple carbohydrate like sucrose and fructose may help to promote hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and fatty liver. Diets with a pattern of high sucrose and high saturated or trans fat are often referred to as “Western Diets” in obesity and cardiovascular fields. Some “Western Diets” have further modifications to the fatty acid profile or even specific vitamin and minerals adjustments to be even more closely matched to a Western Diet pattern. For specific fatty acid modifications, see examples on our fat/lipid adjusted diets page.
Many of the same diets used for inducing obesity in rodents can be used to enhance diabetes related phenotypes like insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. However, fasting hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes (glucose > 200 mg/dL) is uncommon with a diet only approach. Pre-feeding a high fat diet to induce a certain level of obesity and insulin resistance and then giving low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) may be an effective approach if overt hyperglycemia is desired.
There are many options with different levels and types of fat in addition to different types of carbohydrate ranging from sucrose (highly refined, simple digestion) to corn starch (refined, but more complex) to resistant starch (refined, but not fully digestible). A very basic purified control diet would be AIN-93M (TD.94048) or AIN-93G (TD.94045). AIN-93 diets have a moderate amount of sucrose at ~10%, and fat is from soybean oil with a healthy fatty acid profile. Additional examples of controls for specific DIO diets can be found in the above tables.
Many researchers choose to compare their high fat fed animals to animals fed a natural ingredient, grain-based diet (also referred to as standard diets or chow). These diets differ in the source and level of nutrients as well as in the presence of non-nutritive factors (such as phytates or phytoestrogens). Depending on what your main comparisons are, it may be suitable to have a grain-based diet as your control/reference group. However, making such comparisons limits inferences to dietary patterns versus a specific dietary component.
Use these unique double-junction electrodes in your most difficult pH and ORP applications. Flat surface does not collect suspended solids—fluid flow across the electrode provides a cleaning action that extends electrode life and improves performance. Annular junction reduces reference cell fouling.
Choose either a CPVC housing (max temp 80°C) or chemical resistant Ryton® housing (max temp 100°C). Both types have Viton® O-ring to hold glass bulb in place and a 10-ft shielded cable and can be used at pressure up to 100 psi. Built-in ATC elements and BNC connectors match a variety of meters and controllers. Install electrodes in tee fittings—3/4″ NPT(M) thread and 1-3/4″ insertion depth.
Note: 100 Ω Pt RTD ATC elements conform to DIN curve 43760.
Our ASHRAE 52.2 Dust Feeder is designed and manufactured to meet the ASHRAE 52.2 standard for loading dusts to air filters. It is rugged and long lasting. We have validated the design from our 15 years of dust feeding using the dust feeder in our daily air filtration tests.
LMS dust feeder handles all types of dust, such as ASHRAE 52.1 and 52.2 dusts, SAE fine, coarse and ultrafine, LMS dust and many more. Principal of operation is venture.
The overall footprint is: 36” long x 9” wide x 15” high (92x23x38 cm)
Unit is calibrated for 10 minutes interval but this could be as high as 20 minutes.
The wheel is guarded by metal/plexi glass chamber to prevent any injury to fingers.
The venture is guarded with a plexi-glass chamber to prevent any damage to the venture nozzle by the end user.
The dust feed range with good accuracy is 0.1-6 grams/minute. The dust feeder could handle lower or higher dust feeds but with lower accuracy.
BD细胞凋亡试剂盒（PE和7-ADD标记）PE Annexin V Apoptosis Detect
产品型号： 559763
简单描述
BD细胞凋亡试剂盒（PE和7-ADD标记）PE Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I 100TESTNameAnnexin V : PE Apoptosis Detection Kit IContentsAnnexin V-PE, 7-AAD, and Annexin V Binding BufferSize100 TestsRegulatory Stat
详细介绍
BD细胞凋亡试剂盒（PE和7-ADD标记）PE Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I
Technical Data Sheet
PE Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I
Product Information
Material Number: 559763
Component: 51-66121E
Description: 10X Annexin V Binding Buffer
Size: 50 ml （1 ea）
Storage Buffer: Aqueous buffered solution containing no preservative.
Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A, Petri M, Schlissel M. Surface blebs on apoptotic cells are sites of enhanced procoagulant activity: implications for coagulation events
and antigenic spread in systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996; 93（4）:1624-1629. （Biology）
Homburg CH, de Haas M, von dem Borne AE, Verhoeven AJ, Reuingsperger CP, Roos D. Human neutrophils lose their surface Fc gamma RIII and acquire
Annexin V binding sites during apoptosis in vitro. Blood. 1995; 85（2）:532-540. （Biology）
Koopman G, Reuingsperger CP, Kuijten GA, Keehnen RM, Pals ST, van Oers MH. Annexin V for flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on
B cells undergoing apoptosis. Blood. 1994; 84（5）:1415-1420. （Biology）
Martin SJ, Reuingsperger CP, McGahon AJ, et al. Early redistribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is a general feature of apoptosis regardless of
the initiating stimulus: inhibition by overexpression of Bcl-2 and Abl. J Exp Med. 1995; 182（5）:1545-1556. （Biology）
Raynal P, Pollard HB. Annexins: the problem of assessing the biological role for a gene family of multifunctional calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins.
van Engeland M, Ramaekers FC, Schutte B, Reuingsperger CP. A novel assay to measure loss of plasma membrane asymmetry during apoptosis of adherent
cells in culture. Cytometry. 1996; 24（2）:131-139. （Biology）
Vermes I, Haanen C, Steffens-Nakken H, Reuingsperger C. A novel assay for apoptosis. Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early
apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled Annexin V. J Immunol Methods. 1995; 184（1）:39-51. （Biology）
The Integrated Total Dietary Fiber test kit is suitable for the measurement and analysis of Integrated Total Dietary Fiber. Updated to include resistant, branched maltodextrins as a component in dietary fiber. K-INTDF- An Integrated Procedure (AOAC Method 2009.01 & 2011.25) for the measurement of Total Dietary Fiber (including resistant starch and non-digestible oligosaccharides). This method combines the key attributes of AOAC Official Methods of Analysis 2002.02, 985.29, 991.43, 2001.03. Specific dietary fiber fractions are measured as follows: 1. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), Higher Molecular Weight Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDFP) and Lower Molecular Weight Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDFS) determination (AOAC Method 2011.25) 2. Total High Molecular Weight Dietary Fiber (HMWDF) and SDFS determination (AOAC Method 2009.01) The enzymes used in these methods are of very high purity; they are effectively devoid of contaminating enzymes active on β-glucan, pectin and arabinoxylan. Data calculators are located in the Technical Resources tab.
For the determination of Total Dietary Fiber in cereal products, foodstuffs, feeds and other materials. CODEX Type I method (2011)
(5) Ash and residual protein determined on DF residues and subtracted
Kit size: 100 assays Method: Hydrolysis / removal of non-dietary fibre components Total assay time: ~ 3 hr work (over 2 days) Detection limit: 0.5-100% of sample weight Application examples: Food ingredients, food products and other materials Method recognition: AOAC (Methods 2009.01 and 2011.25), AACC (Method 32-45.01 and 32-50.01) and CODEX (Type I method)
Advantages
The only method that is consistent with the CODEX Alimentarius definition of dietary fibre
High purity / standardised enzymes employed
All reagents stable for > 2 years
Mega-Calc™ software tool is available from our website for hassle-free raw data processing
Very competitive price (cost per test)
Q1. There is an issue with the performance of the kit; the results are not as expected.
If you suspect that the Megazyme test kit is not performing as expected such that expected results are not obtained please do the following:
Ensure that you have tested the standard sample that is supplied with the Megazyme test kit.
Send the results of the kit standard, blank samples and the results obtained for your sample, in the relevant MegaCalc spreadsheet (if available) to Megazyme (cs@megazyme.com). Where available the relevant MegaCalc spreadsheet can be downloaded from where the product appears on the Megazyme website.
State the kit lot number being used (this is found on the outside of the kit box).
State which assay format was used (refer to the relevant page in the kit booklet if necessary).
State exact details of any modifications to the standard procedure that is provided by Megazyme.
State the sample type and describe the sample preparation steps if applicable.
Q2. Should the pH of the sample be adjusted even for samples in acidic media?
The pH of the assay solution after the sample is added should be the same as that of the assay buffer that is supplied with the kit. Low sample volumes (e.g. 0.1 mL) are not likely to affect the pH of the assay solution and therefore may not require pH adjustment. Samples above 0.1 mL are more likely to affect the pH of the assay solution and therefore the pH of these samples should be adjusted as described in the data booklet, prior to addition to the assay.
Q3. Is there a preferred rate of heating and cooling for the recommended crucible (Corning® No. 32940-50C or equivalent) to avoid breakages?
The crucible has the potential to break if heated or cooled too rapidly. The graph below shows the manufacturer’s recommended heating and cooling profile forsafe use with the crucible. Application Note: Removal of Sucrose, Maltose and Fructose from F3 SUCRASE (MALTASE) + β-GALACTOSIDASE (Lot 111101) E-SUCRBG Sucrase (170 U), α-glucosidase (2600 U) and β-galactosidase (3000 U); freeze dried. For use in the removal of sucrose, maltose and lactose in dietary fibre determinations. In the Integrated Total Dietary Fibre procedure, in HPLC analysis of non-digestible oligosaccharides using the Waters Sugar-Pak column, the fructosyl-trisaccharide β-D-Fruf-(2→1)-β-D-Fruf-(2→1)-β-D-Fruf, chromatographs at a similar point to the disaccharides, sucrose, maltose and lactose. Accurate determination of this trisaccharide requires the hydrolysis of these disaccharides. This can be achieved using this enzyme mixture. PROPERTIES 1. ELECTROPHORETIC PURITY: This is a mixture of sucrase (maltase; from Bacillus stearothermophilis): – Single major band on SDS-gel electrophoresis (57,750) plus β-galactosidase (from A. niger) – Single band on isoelectric focusing 2. ACTIVITY: This enzyme mixture gives complete hydrolysis of sucrose, maltose and lactose under the defined assay conditions, with no hydrolysis of the trisaccharide, β-D-Fruf-(2→1)-β-D-Fruf-(2→1)-β-D-Fruf. 3. STORAGE CONDITIONS: The enzyme is supplied as a lyophilised powder and should be stored at -20˚C. On dissolution in buffer or water, the enzyme should be stored in the frozen state. It is recommended that all buffers used for dilution contain BSA (0.5 mg/mL). 4. PREPARATION OF ENZYME FOR USE: Dissolve the contents of one vial in 6 mL of 5 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0). Transfer aliquots of approx. 2 mL to polypropylene tubes and store at -20˚C between use. Can be thawed and re-frozen several times. INCUBATION CONDITIONS: To 1 mL of sugar mixture obtained in the Integrated Total Dietary Fibre procedure [Step I(b)] containing up to 5 mg/mL of sucrose, maltose and/or lactose and fructotriose, add: 0.1 mL of sucrase/β-galactosidase enzyme mixture, and incubate at 40˚C, for 60 min. Terminate the reaction by incubating the tube at 100˚C for 2 min and centrifuge the suspension in a Microfuge at 12,000 rpm for 5 min. SAMPLE PREPARATION AND HPLC: Analyse the supernatant solution by HPLC using a Waters Sugar-Pak® column as described in the Megazyme kit data booklet for the Integrated Total Dietary Fibre method (K-INTDF). Calculate the amount of fructo-triose by reference to the D-sorbitol internal standard. This amount should then be added to the determined amount of non-digestible oligosaccharides [NDO; low molecular weight soluble dietary fibre; Soluble Dietary Fibre soluble in 78% aqueous ethanol (SDFS)].
Q4. How should I prepare the required 78% ethanol solution?
A volume reduction occurs on mixing water with 95% ethanol (or IMS). 1 L of 78% ethanol is prepared by adding 821 mL 95% ethanol (or IMS) to 207 mL H2O. If using a 1 L volumetric flask, this is best accomplished by placing 821 mL 95% ethanol (or IMS) into the volumetric flask. Dilute to volume with deionised water. Mix well. Check the level and if necessary add more deionised water to bring it back up to the 1 L mark.
Ideal for environmental and field testing of water and wastewater samples
Low maintenance polymer-filled double-junction electrodes with an extended life, fast response and clog-resistant junction.
Toughened bulb for rugged lab use
Thermo Scientific Orion AquaPro Professional pH Electrodes are suited for a wide range of applications. Sealed, polymer-filled design provides for little required maintenance. Double-junction extends life and makes electrodes compatible with a wide range of samples including TRIS buffer. All electrodes include a 3.3-ft (1-m) cable.
产品规格
产品类型
密封，填充聚合物
描述
Thermo Scientific Orion AquaPro专业pH电极
体型
玻璃
参考结
双结
特殊功能
坚固耐用的灯泡
pH值范围
0到14
pH值精度
0.02
温度范围
32至140°F（0至60°C）
结型
打开
参考的细胞类型
Ag / AgCl电极
电缆长度
3.3英尺（1米）
连接器
防水BNC
内置在ATC
没有
制造
AquaPro专业
型号
9104APWP
尺寸
120×12毫米（长×直径）。
品牌
Thermo Scientific Orion
Specifications
Product Type
Sealed, polymer-filled
Description
Thermo Scientific Orion AquaPro Professional pH Electrode
Immunogen: Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues around amino acid 25 of mouse Beclin 1
Accession#: O88597
Gene ID: 56208
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Concentration: 0.2 mg/ml
Formulation: 100 µg （0.2mg/ml） protein A purified rabbit anti-Beclin 1 polyclonal antibody in phosphate-buffered saline （PBS） containing 1% BSA, 50% glycerol, and 0.02% thimerosal.
Purification: Affinity purified
Species Reactivity: human, mouse
Application: Western blot
Application & Usage: Western blotting （0.5-2 µg/ml）. However, the optimal concentrations should be determined individually. Other applications have not been tested. The antibody recognizes ~53 kDa beclin 1 in Jurkat cell lysate. A weak band of ~110 kDa （possibly dimer） can also be observed in Jurkat cells. In mouse intestine tissue lysate, the antibody recognizes a ~100 kDa band （possibly dimer）. Reactivity to other species has not been tested.
Biovision公司Beclin 1 Antibody
Storage Temp.: -20 °C
Shipping: gel pack
Background Descriptions: Beclin is a Bcl-2 binding protein. Its structure includes a Bcl-2 binding coiled-coil region, and a leucine-rich nuclear export signal （NES）. Beclin protein colocalizes with intracytoplasmic organelles and nuclei in normal COS7 and MCF7 cells. Beclin interaction with Bcl-2 may be involved with host viral defense, since over expression of beclin inhibits Sindbis virus replication and expression of beclin lacking the Bcl-2 binding domain has no antiviral effects.
Handling: The antibody solution should be gently mixed before use.
Usage: For Research Use Only! Not to be used in humans.
